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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Monsanto process ： ウィキペディア英語版 Monsanto process The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol.〔Hosea Cheung, Robin S. Tanke, G. Paul Torrence "Acetic Acid" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 〕 The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the Cativa process, a similar iridium-based process developed by BP Chemicals Ltd which is more economical and environmentally friendly. This process operates at a pressure of 30–60 atm and a temperature of 150–200 °C and gives a selectivity greater than 99%. It was developed in 1960 by the German chemical company, BASF, and improved by the Monsanto Company in 1966, which introduced a new catalyst system.〔http://www.greener-industry.org.uk/pages/ethanoicAcid/6ethanoicAcidPM2.htm〕 ==Catalytic cycle== The catalytically active species is the anion ''cis''-()− (top of scheme).〔Hartwig, J. F. Organotransition Metal Chemistry, from Bonding to Catalysis; University Science Books: New York, 2010. ISBN 189138953X〕 The first organometallic step is the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to ''cis''-()− to form the hexacoordinate species ()−. This anion rapidly transforms, via the migration of a methyl group to an adjacent carbonyl ligand, affording the pentacoordinate acetyl complex ()−. This five-coordinate complex then reacts with carbon monoxide to form the six-coordinate dicarbonyl complex, which undergoes reductive elimination to release acetyl iodide (CH3C(O)I). The catalytic cycle involves two non-organometallic steps: conversion of methanol to methyl iodide and the hydrolysis of the acetyl iodide to acetic acid and hydrogen iodide. The reaction has been shown to be first-order with respect to methyl iodide and ()−. Hence the oxidative addition of methyl iodide is proposed as rate-determining step. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monsanto process」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.